Hydrocarbon

Depth of the sample i.e. The vertical distance between the sea level and the sampled position in the subsurface. Depth can be reported as an interval for subsurface samples e.g. 1325.75-1362.25 m

Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food chain. Microbes can be a range of producers (e.g. chemolithotroph)

Description of relationship(s) between the subject organism and other organism(s) it is associated with. E.g., parasite on species X; mutualist with species Y. The target organism is the subject of the relationship, and the other organism(s) is the object.

To what is the entity pathogenic, for instance plant, fungi, bacteria

Is this organism an aerobe, anaerobe? Please note that aerobic and anaerobic are valid descriptors for microbial environments

The type of reproduction from the parent stock. Values for this field is specific to different taxa. For phage or virus: lytic/lysogenic/temperate/obligately lytic. For plasmids: incompatibility group. For eukaryotes: sexual/asexual. Mandatory for MIGs of eukayotes, plasmids and viruses.

Sample transport duration (in days or hrs) and temperature the sample was exposed to (e.g. 5.5 days; 20 °C)

The device used to collect an environmental sample. It is recommended to use terms listed under environmental sampling device (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO) and/or terms listed under specimen collection device (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GENEPIO_0002094).

The method employed for collecting the sample. Can be provided in the form of a PMID, DOI, url or text.

temperature at which sample was stored, e.g. -80

Location at which sample was stored, usually name of a specific freezer/room. Indicate the location name.

Source rock depositional environment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_rock). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

In non deviated well, measured depth is equal to the true vertical depth, TVD (TVD=TVDSS plus the reference or datum it refers to). In deviated wells, the MD is the length of trajectory of the borehole measured from the same reference or datum. Common datums used are ground level (GL), drilling rig floor (DF), rotary table (RT), kelly bushing (KB) and mean sea level (MSL). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Metal corrosion rate is the speed of metal deterioration due to environmental conditions. As environmental conditions change corrosion rates change accordingly. Therefore, long term corrosion rates are generally more informative than short term rates and for that reason they are preferred during reporting. In the case of suspected MIC, corrosion rate measurements at the time of sampling might provide insights into the involvement of certain microbial community members in MIC as well as potential microbial interplays

Sampling point on the asset were sample was collected (e.g. Wellhead, storage tank, separator, etc). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

True vertical depth subsea (TVDSS) of the hydrocarbon resource where the original temperature was measured (e.g. 1345 m).

oxygenation status of sample

density of sample

Name of the well (e.g. BXA1123) where sample was taken

Name of the project within which the sequencing was organized

The ploidy level of the genome (e.g. allopolyploid, haploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid). It has implications for the downstream study of duplicated gene and regions of the genomes (and perhaps for difficulties in assembly). For terms, please select terms listed under class ploidy (PATO:001374) of Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO), and for a browser of PATO (v 2018-03-27) please refer to http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/PATO

Reports the number of replicons in a nuclear genome of eukaryotes, in the genome of a bacterium or archaea or the number of segments in a segmented virus. Always applied to the haploid chromosome count of a eukaryote. Mandatory for MIGS of eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea and segmented virus.

Do plasmids exist of significant phenotypic consequence (e.g. ones that determine virulence or antibiotic resistance). Megaplasmids? Other plasmids (borrelia has 15+ plasmids).

The estimated size of the genome (in bp) prior to sequencing. Of particular importance in the sequencing of (eukaryotic) genome which could remain in draft form for a long or unspecified period. Mandatory for MIGS of eukaryotes.

Targeted gene or locus name for marker gene studies

Name of subfragment of a gene or locus. Important to e.g. identify special regions on marker genes like V6 on 16S rRNA

Molecular barcodes, called Multiplex Identifiers (MIDs), that are used to specifically tag unique samples in a sequencing run. Sequence should be reported in uppercase letters

Indicate if the sequence has been called by automatic systems (none) or undergone a manual editing procedure (e.g. by inspecting the raw data or chromatograms). Applied only for sequences that are not submitted to SRA or DRA

Tool(s) used for chimera checking, including version number and parameters, to discover and remove chimeric sequences. A chimeric sequence is comprised of two or more phylogenetically distinct parent sequences.

A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise associated to the sequence in the format of a PMID, DOI or URL

Standard operating procedures used in assembly and/or annotation of genomes, metagenomes or environmental sequences in the format of a PMID, DOI or URL

Can a 16S gene be recovered from the submitted bin, SAG or MAG?

A unique identifier of a well or wellbore. This is part of the Global Framework for Well Identification initiative which is compiled by the Professional Petroleum Data Management Association (PPDM) in an effort to improve well identification systems. (Supporting information: https://ppdm.org/ and http://dl.ppdm.org/dl/690)

Current amount of water (%) in a produced fluid stream; or the average of the combined streams

Oil and/or gas production rates per well (e.g. 524 m3 / day)

Name of the hydrocarbon field (e.g. Albacora)

The date the sample was collected with the intention of sequencing, either as an instance (single point in time) or interval. In case no exact time is available, the date/time can be right truncated i.e. all of these are valid ISO8601 compliant times: 2008-01-23T19:23:10+00:00; 2008-01-23T19:23:10; 2008-01-23; 2008-01; 2008.

The altitude of the sample is the vertical distance between Earth's surface above Sea Level and the sampled position in the air.

The geographical origin of the sample as defined by latitude. The values should be reported in decimal degrees and in WGS84 system

The geographical origin of the sample as defined by longitude. The values should be reported in decimal degrees and in WGS84 system

The geographical origin of the sample as defined by the specific region name followed by the locality name.

Report the major environmental system the sample or specimen came from. The system(s) identified should have a coarse spatial grain, to provide the general environmental context of where the sampling was done (e.g. in the desert or a rainforest). We recommend using subclasses of EnvO’s biome class: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000428. EnvO documentation about how to use the field: https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/wiki/Using-ENVO-with-MIxS.

Report the entity or entities which are in the sample or specimen’s local vicinity and which you believe have significant causal influences on your sample or specimen. We recommend using EnvO terms which are of smaller spatial grain than your entry for "broad-scale environmental context". Terms, such as anatomical sites, from other OBO Library ontologies which interoperate with EnvO (e.g. UBERON) are accepted in this field. EnvO documentation about how to use the field: https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/wiki/Using-ENVO-with-MIxS.

Report the environmental material(s) immediately surrounding the sample or specimen at the time of sampling. We recommend using subclasses of 'environmental material' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010483). EnvO documentation about how to use the field: https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/wiki/Using-ENVO-with-MIxS . Terms from other OBO ontologies are permissible as long as they reference mass/volume nouns (e.g. air, water, blood) and not discrete, countable entities (e.g. a tree, a leaf, a table top).

The elevation of the sampling site as measured by the vertical distance from mean sea level.

Additional (i.e. Secondary, tertiary, etc.) recovery methods deployed for increase of hydrocarbon recovery from resource and start date for each one of them. If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field.

The total amount or size (volume (ml), mass (g) or area (m2) ) of sample collected.

Total cell count of any organism (or group of organisms) per gram, volume or area of sample, should include name of organism followed by count. The method that was used for the enumeration (e.g. qPCR, atp, mpn, etc.) Should also be provided. (example: total prokaryotes; 3.5e7 cells per ml; qpcr)

If qpcr was used for the cell count, the target gene name, the primer sequence and the cycling conditions should also be provided. (Example: 16S rrna; FWD:ACGTAGCTATGACGT REV:GTGCTAGTCGAGTAC; initial denaturation:90C_5min; denaturation:90C_2min; annealing:52C_30 sec; elongation:72C_30 sec; 90 C for 1 min; final elongation:72C_5min; 30 cycles)

Main hydrocarbon type produced from resource (i.e. Oil, gas, condensate, etc). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

API gravity is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_gravity) (e.g. 31.1API)

Duration for which the sample was stored. Indicate the duration for which the sample was stored written in ISO 8601 format.

The geographical origin of where the sample was collected from, with the intention of sequencing, as defined by the country or sea name. Country or sea names should be chosen from the INSDC country list (http://insdc.org/country.html).

list of diseases with which the host has been diagnosed; can include multiple diagnoses. The value of the field depends on host; for humans the terms should be chosen from DO (Disease Ontology) at http://www.disease-ontology.org, other hosts are free text

Scientific name of the natural (as opposed to laboratory) host to the organism from which sample was obtained.

pressure to which the sample is subject, in atmospheres

temperature of the sample at time of sampling

pH measurement

A measure of oil's resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress (e.g. 3.5 cp; 100 C)

Measure of the ability of a hydrocarbon resource to allow fluids to pass through it. (Additional information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(earth_sciences))

Depth of the original oil water contact (OWC) zone (average) (m TVDSS)

Original pressure of the hydrocarbon resource

Geological age of source rock (Additional info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(geology)). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

concentration of ammonium

Salinity is the total concentration of all dissolved salts in a liquid or solid (in the form of an extract obtained by centrifugation) sample. While salinity can be measured by a complete chemical analysis, this method is difficult and time consuming. More often, it is instead derived from the conductivity measurement. This is known as practical salinity. These derivations compare the specific conductance of the sample to a salinity standard such as seawater

concentration of calcium

concentration of chloride

concentration of substances including a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, etc,; can include multiple substances

concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide

dissolved inorganic carbon concentration

concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus

concentration of dissolved organic carbon

concentration of magnesium

concentration of nitrate

concentration of nitrite

Concentration of nitrogen (total). Total nitrogen concentration of water samples, calculated by: total nitrogen = total dissolved nitrogen + particulate nitrogen. Can also be measured without filtering, reported as nitrogen

concentration of potassium

The total concentration of all dissolved salts in a liquid or solid sample. While salinity can be measured by a complete chemical analysis, this method is difficult and time consuming. More often, it is instead derived from the conductivity measurement. This is known as practical salinity. These derivations compare the specific conductance of the sample to a salinity standard such as seawater.

sodium concentration

concentration of sulfate

concentration of sulfide

total phosphorus concentration, calculated by: total phosphorus = total dissolved phosphorus + particulate phosphorus. Can also be measured without filtering, reported as phosphorus

Concentration of total iron in the sample

Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids in the sample

Concentration of dissolved iron in the sample

Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene(SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. The most popular one is known as the Iatroscan TLC-FID and is referred to as IP-143 (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturate,_aromatic,_resin_and_asphaltene)

Concentration of dissolved oxygen in the oil field produced fluids as it contributes to oxgyen-corrosion and microbial activity (e.g. Mic).

Concentration of total sulfur in the sample

Proportion of the produced fluids derived from injected water at the time of sampling. (e.g. 87%)

Concentration of ethylbenzene in the sample

Original volatile fatty acid concentration in the hydrocarbon resource

Total Acid Number(TAN) is a measurement of acidity that is determined by the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is needed to neutralize the acids in one gram of oil. It is an important quality measurement of crude oil. (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_acid_number)

Original sulfate concentration in the hydrocarbon resource

Concentration of toluene in the sample

Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene(SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. The most popular one is known as the Iatroscan TLC-FID and is referred to as IP-143 (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturate,_aromatic,_resin_and_asphaltene)

Concentration of xylene in the sample

Method used for alkalinity measurement

Concentration of benzene in the sample

alkalinity, the ability of a solution to neutralize acids to the equivalence point of carbonate or bicarbonate

A unique identifier assigned to a material sample (as defined by http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialSampleID, and as opposed to a particular digital record of a material sample) used for extracting nucleic acids, and subsequent sequencing. The identifier can refer either to the original material collected or to any derived sub-samples. The INSDC qualifiers /specimen_voucher, /bio_material, or /culture_collection may or may not share the same value as the source_mat_id field. For instance, the /specimen_voucher qualifier and source_mat_id may both contain 'UAM:Herps:14' , referring to both the specimen voucher and sampled tissue with the same identifier. However, the /culture_collection qualifier may refer to a value from an initial culture (e.g. ATCC:11775) while source_mat_id would refer to an identifier from some derived culture from which the nucleic acids were extracted (e.g. xatc123 or ark:/2154/R2).

Lithology of source rock (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_rock). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

The type of material from which the sample was obtained. For the Hydrocarbon package, samples include types like core, rock trimmings, drill cuttings, piping section, coupon, pigging debris, solid deposit, produced fluid, produced water, injected water, swabs, etc. For the Food Package, samples are usually categorized as food, body products or tissues, or environmental material. This field accepts terms listed under environmental specimen (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GENEPIO_0001246).

Phenotype of the host of the symbiotic host organism. For phenotypic quality ontology (PATO) terms, see http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/pato.

Method of biocide administration (dose, frequency, duration, time elapsed between last biociding and sampling) (e.g. 150 mg/l; weekly; 4 hr; 3 days)

List of chemical compounds administered upstream the sampling location where sampling occurred (e.g. Glycols, H2S scavenger, corrosion and scale inhibitors, demulsifiers, and other production chemicals etc.). The commercial name of the product and name of the supplier should be provided. The date of administration should also be included

List of biocides (commercial name of product and supplier) and date of administration

Method of chemical administration(dose, frequency, duration, time elapsed between administration and sampling) (e.g. 50 mg/l; twice a week; 1 hr; 0 days)

The substance or equipment used as a negative control in an investigation

The substance, mixture, product, or apparatus used to verify that a process which is part of an investigation delivers a true positive.

Experimental factors are essentially the variable aspects of an experiment design which can be used to describe an experiment, or set of experiments, in an increasingly detailed manner. This field accepts ontology terms from Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO) and/or Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). For a browser of EFO (v 2.95) terms, please see http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/EFO; for a browser of OBI (v 2018-02-12) terms please see http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/OBI. E.g. time series design [EFO:EFO_0001779]

Should include key traits like antibiotic resistance or xenobiotic degradation phenotypes for plasmids, converting genes for phage

Information about the genetic distinctness of the sequenced organism below the subspecies level, e.g., serovar, serotype, biotype, ecotype, or any relevant genetic typing schemes like Group I plasmid. Subspecies should not be recorded in this term, but in the NCBI taxonomy. Supply both the lineage name and the lineage rank separated by a colon, e.g., biovar:abc123.

Method used for taxonomic classification, along with reference database used, classification rank, and thresholds used to classify new genomes. Expected values are: classification method, database name, and other parameters e.g. vConTACT vContact2 (references from NCBI RefSeq v83, genus rank classification, default parameters)

Publication reference in the form of pubmed ID (pmid), digital object identifier (doi) or url for isolation and growth condition specifications of the organism/material. Mandatory for MIGS and MIMARKS Specimen.

For cases where annotation was provided by a community jamboree or model organism database rather than by a specific submitter

Primary publication if isolated before genome publication; otherwise, primary genome report. Mandatory for MIGS of bacteria and archaea.

Name of sample sub-type. For example if "sample type" is "Produced Water" then subtype could be "Oil Phase" or "Water Phase". If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Preservative added to the sample (e.g. Rnalater, alcohol, formaldehyde, etc.). Where appropriate include volume added (e.g. Rnalater; 2 ml)

Method used to free DNA from interior of the cell(s) or particle(s)

Name of the kit or standard protocol used for cell(s) or particle(s) lysis

A brief description of any processing applied to the sample during or after retrieving the sample from environment, or a link to the relevant protocol(s) performed.

Volume (ml) or mass (g) of total collected sample processed for DNA extraction. Note: total sample collected should be entered under the term 'sample size'.

A link to a literature reference, electronic resource or a standard operating procedure (SOP), that describes the material separation to recover the nucleic acid fraction from a sample

A link to a literature reference, electronic resource or a standard operating procedure (SOP), that describes the enzymatic amplification (PCR, TMA, NASBA) of specific nucleic acids

Total number of clones in the library prepared for the project

Total number of clones sequenced from the library

Cloning vector type(s) used in construction of libraries

Specific enrichment or screening methods applied before and/or after creating clone libraries in order to select a specific group of sequences

Description of reaction conditions and components for PCR in the form of 'initial denaturation:94degC_1.5min; annealing=...'

PCR primers that were used to amplify the sequence of the targeted gene, locus or subfragment. This field should contain all the primers used for a single PCR reaction if multiple forward or reverse primers are present in a single PCR reaction. The primer sequence should be reported in uppercase letters

Adapters provide priming sequences for both amplification and sequencing of the sample-library fragments. Both adapters should be reported; in uppercase letters

Date of field's first production

Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene(SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. The most popular one is known as the Iatroscan TLC-FID and is referred to as IP-143 (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturate,_aromatic,_resin_and_asphaltene)

Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene (SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. The most popular one is known as the Iatroscan TLC-FID and is referred to as IP-143 (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturate,_aromatic,_resin_and_asphaltene)

Porosity of deposited sediment is volume of voids divided by the total volume of sample

Original formation water salinity (prior to secondary recovery e.g. Waterflooding) expressed as TDS

Name of the basin (e.g. Campos)

Temperature at which a liquid becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pour_point)

Name of the reservoir (e.g. Carapebus)

Geological age of hydrocarbon resource (Additional info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(geology)). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Main depositional environment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depositional_environment). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Origin of kerogen. Type I: Algal (aquatic), Type II: planktonic and soft plant material (aquatic or terrestrial), Type III: terrestrial woody/ fibrous plant material (terrestrial), Type IV: oxidized recycled woody debris (terrestrial) (additional information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Main Hydrocarbon Resource type. The term "Hydrocarbon Resource" HCR defined as a natural environmental feature containing large amounts of hydrocarbons at high concentrations potentially suitable for commercial exploitation. This term should not be confused with the Hydrocarbon Occurrence term which also includes hydrocarbon-rich environments with currently limited commercial interest such as seeps, outcrops, gas hydrates etc. If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Water production rates per well (e.g. 987 m3 / day)

Hydrocarbon resource main lithology (Additional information: http://petrowiki.org/Lithology_and_rock_type_determination). If "other" is specified, please propose entry in "additional info" field

Original temperature of the hydrocarbon resource

The vertical distance below local surface, e.g. for sediment or soil samples depth is measured from sediment or soil surface, respectively. Depth can be reported as an interval for subsurface samples.

Injection water breakthrough date per well following a secondary and/or tertiary recovery